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Table of Contents How to Write a Friendly Letter for ZIMSEC English Language Paper 1 The  friendly letter  is one of the most common forms of informal writing examined in  ZIMSEC O Level English Language Paper 1 Section B . This type of letter, sometimes called a personal letter , is written to people you share a close relationship with — friends, family members, or acquaintances. Because of this personal connection, the language used tends to be friendly, conversational, and relaxed. However, it is important to remember that despite being informal, the language must still be  grammatically correct and written in standard English . Many candidates lose easy marks for using slang or non-standard expressions that are unsuitable for an examination setting. The Stimulus Letter writing is part of what ZIMSEC calls  directed writing  or  guided composition . In this section, candidates are guided by a given stimulus, which they must inter...

Table of Contents How to Write an Article for ZIMSEC O Level English Language Paper 1 (Section B) Writing an article is one of the most popular tasks in ZIMSEC O Level English Language Paper 1 Section B, which falls under Guided Composition (Directed Writing). This type of writing allows you to express your opinions, explain ideas, and persuade your readers while showcasing your command of English. Unlike news reports that simply inform, an article invites you to engage your audience — to make them think, feel, or even change their perspective about a topic. What is the Article Written for? An article is often written for: magazines,  newsletters,  websites, or  newspapers.  However, it is important to note that not every piece of writing found in a newspaper qualifies as an article.  Most of the content in newspapers consists of news reports, which focus on current events. An article, on the other hand, is a creative and persuasive piece that...

Table of Contents How to Write a Report for O Level Directed Writing A  report  is a piece of writing whose main purpose is to present factual information and give insights on a specific topic. It is usually addressed to someone in authority, such as a head teacher, a manager, or even a government minister. While reports are largely factual, they may also include  opinions, suggestions, and recommendations —but these should always be supported by facts. Report writing falls under  directed writing , a key section in O Level English examinations. This article explains the main features of a report, focusing on  format, structure, style, and essential skills . Checkout information about directed writing  to enhance your writing skills for section B of O level English Paper 1. Report Formats There are two common report formats that are used when writing reports. The choice depends on the individual's preference as both of them are acceptable...

Table of Contents Directed Writing for O Level Exams Directed writing, also known as  guided composition , is a key component of O Level English examinations and other similar assessments. Unlike free writing, which allows candidates to choose their own content and style, directed writing requires students to respond to specific instructions or stimuli. While the format may differ, the  essential writing skills remain the same : clear organisation, accuracy, creativity, and appropriate use of language. Success in directed writing depends on consistent preparation and practice rather than last-minute memorisation. Key Features of Directed Writing 1. Organise Writing into Clear Paragraphs The syllabus requires candidates to write continuous prose—not notes or bullet points. Each composition should be structured into: Introduction  – introduces the task and sets the tone. Body  – develops ideas in logical, coherent paragraphs. Conclusion  – summa...

Table of Contents Introduction The beginning of a speech is more than just a formality—it is the moment when the speaker establishes a connection with the audience. A good introduction sets the tone, sparks interest, and signals that the rest of the speech is worth listening to. Much like an appetiser before a hearty meal, if the introduction fails, the audience may assume the rest of the speech will be equally disappointing. This is why every speaker should craft their opening with care, ensuring it is both engaging and respectful. One phrase that has become common in many formal gatherings is  “all protocols observed.”  But does this expression truly serve its purpose? Let’s explore its effectiveness—and the alternatives speakers can use to start well. The Problem with “All Protocols Observed” The phrase  “all protocols observed”  is widely used in political rallies, churches, funerals, and school ceremonies. However, it is not standard English, ...

Table of Contents Summary writing Tips  Understand the Focus of the Question The summary question tests candidates' ability to select relevant information from the passage while presenting it concisely and precisely within the stipulated word limit. It is important to note that ZIMSEC summary questions focus on specific aspect(s) so, candidates should select specific details as stated in the questions. Analyse the Question It is very important for candidates to carefully analyse the summary question in order to unpack all its demands. More often than not, candidates perform poorly on this question due to failure to understand its requirements. Identify Key Words(s) The key word provides specific instructions regarding the task to be performed. It typically takes the form of a command word such as "summarise" or "describe." Key words are not limited to writing summaries; they are also used in other types of questions and subjects. Examples o...

As was pointed out in How to Write a Summary Part 1 ,    the summary question tests candidates on whether they have understood the passage or not. Summarising information indicates that the reader has a clear understanding of the key points raised by the writer. Candidates should take note of the following aspects as they write summaries. Distractors are a major stumbling block when it comes to identify relevant points. Distractors are pieces of information which have the potential to mislead the reader/candidate into thinking that they also have to be included in the summary. Candidates who fail to discern properly end up including such information resulting in scoring low marks or failing. To avoid this mistake, candidates should analyse the summary question carefully before they start compiling their points. Question analysis involves identifying key words and content words. Key words are instructional words or phrases. These words direct the candidate as to what ex...

The summary question tests candidates' ability to select relevant information from the passage at the same time presenting it concisely and precisely within the stipulated word limit.  In this part, I will focus on question analysis, key words, content words and responding to all the aspects of the question. It is very important for the candidates to carefully analyse the summary question in order to unpack all its demands. More often than not, candidates perform badly on this question as a result of failure to understand the demands of the question. Understanding the question entails several aspects including identifying the material to be summarised. The summary question always specifies the parameters of the material to be summarised and candidates must always stick to it otherwise they may spend precious time working on material which is irrelevant thus risking losing all the marks allocated for this question. Pay attention to the instruction, "...